Bloomberg Help Essay

Introduction In this tutorial I will provide an outline to the Bloomberg Essentials On Line training Program also known as BESS. The Bloomberg Essentials program provides a convenient way to learn the basics of Bloomberg Professional financial information system. The training consists of a series of videos (with scrolling transcripts), on-line Help screens and supporting documents. The video tutorial materials are organized into 8 modules as follows: 1. Bloomberg Core 1. Getting Started 2. Bloomberg News 3. Market Monitors and Launchpad 4. API (Bloomberg Data in Excel) 2. Bloomberg Market Sector 1. Equity Essentials 2. Fixed Income Essentials 3. FX (Foreign Exchange) Essentials 4. Commodity Essentials To earn a certificate or Acknowledgement of Completion, you must view the four Bloomberg Core videos and pass the Bloomberg Core Exam, then view at least one of the Bloomberg Market Sector videos and pass its corresponding exam. For example if you are interested in foreign exchange markets, you might consider viewing the FX Essentials training video and then taking the FX Essentials exam. Keep in mind that you only get two chances to take each exam so you need to put in some serious time and effort into the training materials and mastering the concepts before you take the exam. To get started with the BESS training, you should first create your own Bloomberg login. Bloomberg tracks your progress and exam scores using your unique login. A brief tutorial on creating a Bloomberg login can be foundhere. You may also wish to have a set of headphones or ear buds handy for listening to the Bloomberg videos without distracting others around you. The Bloomberg keyboard has a headphone jack th at (if configured properly) should allow you to listen to the videos in privacy. As you are viewing a video, open up an additional Bloomberg window and type in the commands as they are described. You can also pause the video to do more exploration of a particular function  or rewind the video to listen and watch an example again if you did not understand it the first time. Once the video is over, challenge yourself to run through all of the commands just introduced and then practice them to make sure they stay fresh in your memory. THE BLOOMBERG ESSENTIALS ON LINE TRAINING PROGRAM (BESS) Accessing BESS on Bloomberg To get started, log in to the Bloomberg Professional software using your own Bloomberg login account. If you do not have a Bloomberg account, click here for a brief tutorial on creating a new login. In any window, type in BESS (type the letters BESS followed by the Enter key) to display the Bloomberg Essentials screen as shown below: As you can see from the BESS screen, the videos for each of the modules can be launched by clicking on their titles. Along the bottom of the screen there are links to view and take exams, as well as a link to request the Acknowledgement of Completion. On the following pages, each of the videos is introduced along with some pointers for getting most out of your studying time. Bloomberg Getting Started Essentials The Getting Started Essentials training video is approximately 18 minutes long and provides a basic introduction to the Bloomberg including how the Bloomberg Terminal software is organized, key terms used throughout the Bloomberg system and the basics ways of navigating through the system. Some specific topics include broad market analysis, single security analysis, browsing News and obtaining help. When viewing this video pay particular attention to the key terms and definitions, the various ways of obtaining help, and the special function keys available on the Bloomberg keyboard. The video tutorial begins with a high level overview of Bloomberg’s menu based navigation system starting with the MAIN menu function. This function shows how Bloomberg’s data and screens are organized into market sectors, trading systems, customization and settings tools, Bloomberg Law and Government and Help and Support. The next section of the tutorial introduces the Bloomberg keyboard. The keys are color coded according to their overall purpose such as: Red Keys are used to log into the system (the Red DFLT key) and to cancel a current function(red Cancel key in the upper left corner). Green keys are used for navigation and obtaining help such as the block of green navigation keys on the right for Page Up, Page Down, End, Menu, etc. and the Green Help, Search, News, etc. keys along the top of the keyboard. Yellow keys are the market sector keys. Each one helps in identifying financial instruments or market sectors. These yellow market sector keys include Govt (for Government debt), CORP (for Corporate debt), MTGE for Mortgages, M-MKT for Money markets, MUNI for Municipal securities, PFD for preferred, EQUITY for equities, CMDT for Commodities, INDEX for indexes, CRNCY for currencies (foreign exchange) and finally CLIENT for portfolio management functions. Obtaining Help in Bloomberg There are a number of ways to obtain help in the Bloomberg system. As the tutorial continues, note that Pressing the green HELP key while on any screen will bring up a help screen that explains the function the screen is implementing as well as tips on using the screen and what each field or area of the screen represents. The picture below shows the help screen for the MOST function (Most active equities). Another way to obtain interactive help is to press the HELP key two times. This will open up a chat session with the Bloomberg help desk. Type in any question you might have and a Bloomberg help desk representative will walk you through any functions or screens to answer your question. The third way to obtain help is to press HELP key after typing in the name or ticker symbol of a financial instrument (or any word for that matter). The result will be a list of different search categories matching your query. For example, typing in BOB EVANS provides the search results that follow. Note Bloomberg found results in categories such as Companies, People, News, Law, Equities and Fixed Income.: Content Areas: News, Economics and World Indices The next section of the video tutorial focuses on four major content areas: News, Economic Calendar, World Equity Indices, and Economic Statistics. Bloomberg Top News To access Bloomberg Top News press the green NEWS key or type N . Bloomberg Economic Calendar The Bloomberg Economic calendar displays prior and announced economic report releases. To access Bloomberg Economic Calendar type ECO . Bloomberg World Equity Indices The Bloomberg World Equity Indices screen displays leading indices from equity markets around the world. This screen allows you to compare both current market levels as well as historical levels. To access the Bloomberg World Equities Indices screen type WEI . Bloomberg Economic Statistics The Bloomberg Economic Statistics screen can be used to display economic indicators such as Consumer Price Index (CPI), unemployment, housing, consumer confidence and many others for dozens of countries around the world. To access the Bloomberg Economic Statistics screen type ECST . Single Security Analysis The next set of functions demonstrated all work on a single security. So to get started with each one, we type in the ticker symbol of a company, then press the EQUITY (F8) key. Then follow this up by typing in the name of the function. Company Description The company description screen provides an overview of the company including its industry, current and historical price chart and data, recent searching and dividend data and other summary information. There are a total of 4 screens (press PG DOWN for additional screen). For example, assuming the target company is IBM, the command would be: IBM DES Bloomberg Historical Prices The HP function can be used to view a set of historical equity prices. For  example, assuming the target company is IBM, the command would be: IBM HP Bloomberg Graph Prices The GP function can be used to create a price graph of a security. Assuming the target company is IBM, the command would be: IBM GP Bloomberg Company News The CN function can be used to search for news articles mentioning a specific security. Assuming the target company is IBM, the command to search for news would be: IBM CN Bloomberg â€Å"Cheat Sheets† In addition to the help screens that Bloomberg provides, there are also â€Å"Cheat Sheets† – one or two page documents – that provide quick access to many of the different Bloomberg functions organized by asset type or by job function. To get started viewing Cheat sheets, use the function tt>CHEAT to bring up the screen: For example given the above CHEAT screen, click on the link 1) Getting Started to view the Getting Started cheat sheets as shown below: Clicking again on the 1) Getting Started link will display the actual cheat sheet for getting started. Various language versions are presented. Click on the link for the desired language and the two page PDF will be downloaded and open in Adobe Acrobat. Bloomberg Messaging System The last portion of the Getting Started tutorial video introduces the Bloomberg Messaging system. This is basically an e-mail system built into the Bloomberg software that allows you to send messages, screen captures and other materials to others on the Bloomberg network. To get started with the Bloomberg Messaging system, simply press the green MSG button or type in the function: MSG Messages are listed in the inbox – click on a message to view its contents. There is a yellow text box used to search for messages and buttons to create new messages, etc. Bloomberg News Essentials The Bloomberg News Essentials video is approximately 20 minutes long and focuses exclusively on the Bloomberg News functionality. Specific topics include drilling down from the top level news function N down through different news categories to specific news articles. Custom news searches, screens and alerts are also covered. When going through this material pay particular attention to how the Bloomberg news is organized and the various methods used to browse and search for news articles. The Bloomberg Top News Screen The video tutorial begins with a review of the BLoomberg Top News screen. To access Bloomberg Top News press the green NEWS key or type N or you can type TOP . The default top news screen shows top news world wide. There are a set of Topic heading along the left side in the gray colored sidebar. Clicking on any one of those topics narrows the news search down. Clicking on any news headline will bring up the full news article. Once the news story is displayed, it can be printed, bookmarked by clicking on the star icon (or option 91)), or forwarded to a colleague using the Send Story feature. These are shown in the upper right corner of the screen. If the news story has an attachment it will be available under the 97) selection. In this example there is a chart attached to the story. The search field is in the upper left corner and allows you to search for keywords within the story. Note that this story has 3 pages. By scrolling to the end of the story you can view a section of Related News and Information in addition to the author’s contact information. Customizing Top News The Top news screen can be customized to filter and display only those news headlines relevant to the user. For example, the Top News pages by including only relevant topics selected form the list of categories on the right as  shown here: Bloomberg News Advanced Search The Advanced Search feature can be used to build up a sophisticated search on Bloomberg news (beyond looking for simple keywords). From the Top News screen (N ), pull down the 97) Actions screen and click on the Create Advanced Search menu item. Searches can be saved and associated with alerts so that any new news article matching the advanced search criteria will be brought to your attention. For example, the advanced search below is set up to look for the phrases â€Å"Share Buyback† or â€Å"Stock Buyback† that appear in stories related to the Information technology and Telecommunications industries. The source of the news story should be Bloomberg News (BN). Bloomberg Launchpad Essentials The Bloomberg Launchpad is a graphical user interface that can be customized to create multiple screens or â€Å"Views† made up of market data, charts, news and other components. A view can consist of multiple pages that can be created, customized and saved. While going through this 30 minute video, it is easy to create your own Launchpad views along side the instructional video. Pay particular attention to the types of components (watch lists, news minder, etc.) that can be added to the Launchpad view and the different ways in which these components can be linked. For example, the Monitor (watch list) component has a number of ways in which individual and collections of securities can be added to the watch lists and then linked to other components such as News. Below is an example of a Bloomberg Launchpad view showing a number of different components (click for a larger image). A Market Monitor is in the upper left corner showing major market indexes for North America, Latin America (LATAM), Europe and Asia/Pacific. This monitor is linked to the News/Research pane below such that clicking on a market index will bring up Bloomberg News filtered for that specific index and region. The monitor is also linked to the line chart in the upper right corner so clicking on one of the indexes causes the chart to display. An Economic Calendar is displayed below the line chart showing historical economic indicator  releases. An intraday Market Map is displayed in the lower right corner and is also linked to the Market Monitor. The Market Map is an interactive map showing stocks by market capitalization broken down by industry and sector and colored according to their price gains (green) or losses (red) during the current trading day. Bloomberg API Essentials The Bloomberg API is a spreadsheet Add-in module for Microsoft Excel that provides various methods for bringing Bloomberg data directly into Excel. The Excel API video is the longest and probably the most detailed tutorial in the Essentials collection. Highlights of this 30 minute video include working with the different Wizards that are available to fetch different types of data. These wizards include: Data Navigation – Download data for a single security from a set of categories including Company Summary, Financial/Valuation, Consensus Estimates, Ownership, Peer Group Analysis, Options Credit and FX. Real-Time / Historical Navigation – Fetch real-time and historical market data including intraday and end-of-day data. Equity Screener – The Equities Screen feature allows you to screen stocks based on different criteria. Financials / Estimates – Provides the means to retrieve historical balance sheet and analyst estimates data. Technical Analysis navigator – Similar to the historical data wizard but includes a collection of technical analysis indicators. Ultimately given a description of the final data set required, you should be able to identify the appropriate Wizard to run and/or or Bloomberg Excel function to use to fetch that data. Other features described in the video are the Template Library which is a collection of pre-designed spreadsheets that can be further customized. Below is a picture of the Bloomberg Ribbon bar running in Microsoft Excel 2010. Bloomberg API – Data Navigation The Data Navigation wizard provides a convenient way to download a set of related data for a single security. After launching the wizard and selecting a security (Apple (AAPL) in this example), a list of categories are presented including Company Summary, Financial/Valuation, Consensus  Estimates, Ownership, Peer Group Analysis, Options Credit and FX as shown below: After navigating from Company Summary to Overview, the resulting data can be dropped into Excel using the â€Å"Drag to Excel† button as shown below: Bloomberg API – Real Time / Historical Data The Real Time / Historical data wizard provides a set of steps to ultimately create a formula (or set of formulas) in Excel that will fetch real-time data from the Bloomberg network or populate the spreadsheet with rows of historical data. The icon and drop down menus for the Import Data function are shown below: For example, the Real-Time/Current wizard prompts for a security (AAPL in this example) and then a set of fields (PX_LAST for last price, PX_BID for Bid Price and PX_ASK for Ask price were selected). the result is a set of three Bloomberg BDP functions (Bloomberg Data Point functions) that pull the data from the Bloomberg network into Excel as shown below (note the formula in cell B2): Additional Resources for the Bloomberg Excel API Bloomberg offers additional tutorials and other resources to help you learn even more about the API. An interactive Bloomberg Excel tutorial can launched using command function : XATP XAPI This tutorial launches MS Excel and provides a collection of example worksheets that document the various features of the Bloomberg Excel Add-in. Of particular interest are the large collection of BLoomberg-specific functions such as BDP, BDH, BDS, BCURVE, BEQS, and others. Bloomberg Equity Essentials The Bloomberg Equity Essentials video covers one of the four alternate Market Sectors for the Bloomberg Essentials program. This 35 minute video covers the main functions for researching equities (stocks) using the Bloomberg terminal. Bloomberg Fixed Income Essentials The Bloomberg Fixed Income Essentials video is 25 minute in duration and covers the main functions for searching and analyzing fixed income instruments such as corporate bonds, municipal bond and government treasuries. The Fixed Income video is one of four alternate Market Sector areas. Bloomberg Foreign Exchange (FX) Essentials The Bloomberg Foreign Exchange (FX) Essentials video is 35 minutes in length and covers various foreign exchange instruments such as spot FX, forwards, swaps and interest rate products. Bloomberg Commodities Essentials The Bloomberg Commodities Essentials covers the use of Bloomberg to monitor and analyze the spot and futures commodities markets. This video is 27 minutes long and represents one of the four alternate Market Sector specialties in the Bloomberg Essentials program. In the next pages I will provide some tips on taking the exams. Taking the Bloomberg Essentials Exams Once you have reviewed the four Core videos you will be eligible to take the Core Essentials exam. From the BESS screen click on the link to View and Take Exams. The Master Exams screen will appear as shown below: Usually the first exam to be taken will be the Core Essentials exam with Mnemonic COREESS. When you are ready to take the exam click on this link and the exam will launch. Taking the Bloomberg Essentials Core Exam When the Bloomberg Core Essentials (COREESS) exam launches it will present a notice about the grading policy for the exam. Note that the exam is not graded until answers to all 30 questions have been submitted. Pressing the Menu button will close this notice screen and the exam will start off with question number 1. Below is an example question and answer format (the actual question and answers have been obscured). Answering a question is a two step process: First click on your answer choices, and then click on the red Submit button at the bottom of the screen. You cannot proceed to the next question until the current question is submitted. Note also that the entire exam’s answers are not checked until the last question is submitted. Continue answering questions and Submitting answers until you reach the last (30th) question. Bloomberg University Bloomberg University is a collection of help and documentation guides along with schedules and sign-up sheets for Bloomberg training events. To access Bloomberg University use the code BU to bring up the screen: Of particular interest to new Bloomberg users are the various â€Å"Cheat Sheets† – one or two page documents that provide quick access to many of the different Bloomberg functions. TO get started viewing Cheat sheets, use the code CHEAT to bring up the screen: For example given the above CHEAT screen, click on the link 1) Getting Started to view the Getting Started cheat sheets as shown below: Clicking again on the 1) Getting Started link will display the actual cheat sheet for getting started. Various language versions are presented. Click on the link for the desired language and the two page PDF will be downloaded and open in Adobe Acrobat. Conclusions In this series of posts I have covered a very basic introduction to Bloomberg including creating your own Bloomberg account and going through the Bloomberg Essentials training.

Distribution for Customer Convenience Essay

There are several ways in which businesses arrange distribution to provide customer convenience. The methods used may vary slightly based on what sort of business is being operated. For example, those who are running an e-commerce business will have different techniques than those who have a standard â€Å"real world† business headquarters. Also, different real world businesses may have different techniques dependent upon the size of the business and where they may be dealing with customers. First, let’s look at e-commerce. Amazon.com is a great example of how distribution can be arranged to make things more convenient for customers. Amazon offers free standard shipping for items that are advertised through Amazon. One of the reasons that they are able to do this is because they have distribution centers located all over the place. When you make a purchase from the site, you will receive your packages from a particular distribution center and the location of the center is based on whichever one of the Amazon fulfillment centers is nearest you and contains the item within its standard inventory. This results in savings for the customer as well as faster receipt of items purchase, as they often do need to travel very far. It also means that packages are less likely to arrive damaged or in poor condition, as they don’t have to be in transit as long or switch hands as many times. Next, there are stores that you can walk into and order from their display inventory. The item will then be sent to you from a local distribution center that is found in another part of your city or state. This method allows stores to cut down on transportation costs as items don’t have to be shipped in large quantities to each individual store. They are just housed at a central distribution warehouse instead. The savings that companies see in their own transportation, warehousing, labor and other costs translate to savings in final prices for customers. They also usually mean that fulfillment processes are more reliable as well, as the network for handling distribution isn’t as complex and prone to problems of challenges.

Business accounting and the finance Pearson

This report has been prepared on an Australian pany which name is TPG Tel limited. This pany is working under the IT industry and the Australian tel munication industry. The main services of the pany are mobile telephone services and the internet services. According to a report, TPG tel is the second largest apny in Australian market in internet service provider panies. This pany is mainly a merger between total peripherals group. This pany has been founded in 1992 by Vickey Teoh and David. Basically, this pany is performing well in terms of finance as well as in terms of finance (About us, 2018). Ownership corporate governance of the TPG tel expresses about the way good structure of the investors. 82.74% stock of the pany own by the top 20 shareholders. The largest shareholder of the pany is WASHINGTON H SOUL PATTINSON AND PANY LIMITED. The pany has held 25.15% stock of the pany. Currently, there are 6 stockholders in the pany who has more than 5% stock in the pany’s shares and only 1 stockholder has more than 20% stock. Further, the annual report describe the CEO, executive directors, non executive directors, CFO etc of the pany has been evaluated and David Teoh is the executive chairman of the pany, Denis Ladbury, Robert Millner, Joseph Pang and Shane Teoh is the non executive directors of the pany. The report of top 20 shareholders of the pany explains that no members of the pany have more than 2% stock of the pany (Annual Report, 2018). Performance ratios of the pany have been described below. Performance ratios explain about the positive changes, position and the performance of the pany. Following are some of the performance ratios of TPG Tel as follows: Return on assets of the pany explains that the performance of the pany is quite better. It explains that how much profit is earned by the pany in context with the total assets. Following is the calculations of return on assets of the pany: Return on equity of the pany explains that the performance of the pany is quite better. It explains that how much profit is earned by the pany in context with the total equity. Following is the calculations of return on equity of the pany: Net profit after tax/ ordinary equity Debt ratios of the pany explain about the position and the capital structure of the pany. The current capital structure of the pany is way better. It explains that how much total liabilities are held by the pany in context with the total liability. Following is the calculations of debt ratio of the pany: EBIT / TA * NPAT / EBIT * TA/ OE = NPAT / OE Total assets and total equity determine the ROA and ROE of the pany with the help of the Net profit after tax. If the total assets and the total equity of an organization changes than it directly makes an impact over the ROA and the ROE (Deegan, 2013).   The above calculations on the TPG tel ’s ROE and ROA have been evaluated and it has been found that the ROA and ROE of the pany is 10.59% and 28.57%. It explains that the return on equity is always greater than the return on assets due to the accounting principle which states that the assets are the total of liabilities and the equity. The study of stock price has been evaluated further and it has been analyzed that the stock price of the pany and the stock price of AORD, both are quite volatile in nature and explains about the good performance of the pany (Yahoo finance, 2018). The following graph explains about the stock prices of both the stocks: Further, the graph epxlains that the correlation of the pany is in negative as it explains about the negative relationship among both the stocks. It epxlains that the changes in the stock of TPG is quite higher than the volatility of AORD stocks. Further, it explains that currently the stock price of the pany is way better (Brown, Beekes and Verhoeven, 2011).   Further, the factors has been evalauted which have imapcted on the stock price and due to which the stock of the pany has been changed. The main reason behind chnage is the petetion level of the pany, current report about the pany that is the second largest pany in the industry, further, the analysts has   described in their report about a better position of the pany in the market (Davies and Crawford, 2011). On the other hand, due to new technology and patetion the stock price of the pany has been lowered 2 to 3 times. The calculation on the stock price of the pany depicts that the beta of the pany is 0.7415. The required rate of return of the pany is as follows: Calculation of cost of equity (CAPM) The above calculations express that the pany’s cost in terms of equity is 5.48%. If the pany wants to raises the funds through equity than the pany has to pay 5.48% of total profit as cost of equity to the stockholders of the pany. The cost of equity of the pany is moderate.   According to the evaluation, it has been found that the risk of the pany is lower and return of the pany is quite higher and thus the pany is a conservative investment. Calculations of WACC are as follows: Calculation of cost of equity (CAPM) The above calculations express that the pany’s cost in terms of equity is 5.48% and in terms of debt is 4.2%. If the pany wants to raises the funds through equity than the pany has to pay 5.48% of total profit as cost of equity to the stockholders of the pany. On the other hand, in terms of debt, pany has to pay 4.2%. The cost of equity of the pany is higher than the cost of debt of the pany. The above calculations express that the cost of capital of the pany is 4.07%. Optimal capital structure of the pany explains that the liabilities of the pany have been reduced by the pany to manage a better capital structure. (Brown, Beekes and Verhoeven, 2011) Gearing ratios of the pany explains about the liabilities of the pany which has been reduced and the borrowings of the pany has been increased in current month and thus the gearing ratios of the pany has been lowered. Total Liabilities/ Capital employed Total Liabilities/ Capital employed The annual report of the pany expresses that the pany offers a great dividend to the pany with a 1.25% growth rate each year. It depicts that the pany is following relevant dividend policies (Annual report, 2018). Relevant dividend policies are a part of dividend policies. These policies explain to the pany that they should announce and give a good amount of dividend to the stockholder so that the investment level of the pany could be enhanced. Subject: R mendation about investment. It is r mended to you to invest into TPG tel . The report of evaluation of TPG tel briefs that the current position of the pany is quite attractive. It presents that the huge profit is earned by the pany and the great amount of dividend is given to the shareholders of the pany. The market stock price of the pany is also good. It explains that the investors should invest into the pany.   So, it is the best option for you to invest right now. About us. 2018. TPG Tel Limited. viewed Jan 25, 2018, https://www.tpg .au/ Annual Report. 2018. TPG Tel Limited. viewed Jan 25, 2018, https://www.tpg .au/about/pdfs/FY17%20Annual%20Report.pdf Brown, P., Beekes, W., and Verhoeven, P. 2011. Corporate governance, accounting and finance: A review.  Accounting & finance,  51(1), 96-172. Davies, T. and Crawford, I., 2011. Business accounting and finance. Pearson. Davies, T. and Crawford, I., 2011.  Business accounting and finance. Pearson. Deegan, C., 2013. Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Jiashu, G. 2009. Study on Fair Value Accounting——on the essential characteristics of financial accounting [J].  Accounting Research,  5, 003. Morningstar. 2018. TPG Tel Limited. viewed Jan 25, 2018, https://financials.morningstar /cash-flow/cf.html?t=XBER:YST®ion=deu&culture=en-US Yahoo Finance. 2018. TPG Tel Limited. viewed Jan 25, 2018, https://au.finance.yahoo /quote/TPM.AX/chart?p=TPM.AX

Civil Rights and Taxes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Civil Rights and Taxes - Research Paper Example This is where Civil Rights bridge the Constitution to make certain that those who were previously excluded from the Human Rights that existed, to guarantee they would not be overlooked any longer. The fight for those Civil Rights was a long and difficult road that still to this day remains a struggle because there are always new issues to replace the old. Civil Rights continue to deal with issues of race and religion, as well as, sexual preference and marriage and age discrimination. Overall the arena of Civil Rights is one of social concern it is rarely related directly to economical issues. So it may sound a bit unusual to discuss taxes in relation to the Civil Rights issues, but there is a certain amount of overlay. Taxes were designed as monies taken legally by the government from the citizens to participate in the funding of this country that we live in and enjoy. However, what happen when the taking of those taxes contradict the personal Civil Rights of individuals forcing citizens to financially participate in government endeavors that subverts their Civil Rights? It can happen and may continue to do so. That being said, it is entirely possible for taxes to violate the Civil Rights of the citizens of the United States. When this country was founded it was operated by wealthy, white male citizens. The rights they granted, primarily, benefited them, socially, politically, and economically. They were, by no means, malicious in their construct, but they were self-servingly inclusive. They excluded women. They excluded African Americans who were held in captivity and property for generations, as well as alienating other minority groups throughout time. P.B. Levy in his book â€Å"The Civil Rights Movement† gave a chronological list of all the incredible work done to gain Civil Rights for all the people who live in this country. From the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 to the ratifying of the

Why Competition is Good in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Competition is Good in Business - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the tendency to compete with rivals to become superior can be identified in human beings right from their childhood. They try to take several approaches in order to face the competition from the real world. Sibling rivalry, reward from little things and development of new skills from competition help the children to sense the urge of competition right from childhood. An organization needs to distinguish itself from the competition through industry analysis, outshining competition, focus on effective customer service, and development of business operation opportunities. It is true that feelings of competitors can change the behavior and thought process of individuals. According to the social psychology competition helps to improve overall individual performance. Sometimes it can hamper performances. The role of technological innovation is pivotal to foster the overall business growth. The key driver for innovation is competition between the companies. Compa nies need to develop new ideas to maintain its competitive advantage over other rivals. Business organization is pushed by competition to innovate and gain profits from their innovation. The drive of competition is to develop new product and increase market share of a company. Innovation can lead to product diversification, increase of competitive advantage, upsurge of profit margin and fulfillment customer needs. If a company is only a single player in the field, it becomes quite difficult to innovate. Company working in a crowded market must be forced to innovate to be distinguished from other businesses. Company can be over-reliant on new products which can eventually lead excessive expense of marketing. During the product lifecycle, innovation can imply huge investments and it cannot be paid back. New technology can often lead to significant upfront in expenditure.   Small organization may not have the resources to innovate new products.   Over dependent on innovation can so metimes be a downside which is hard to overcome.

The Engineering Field Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Engineering Field - Research Paper Example Civil engineering is one of the oldest fields in engineering that arose out of the many challenges that humanity experienced in the early days. Civil engineers are concerned with overseeing the construction of tunnels, roads, bridges, airports and many other infrastructures. In the course of their job, civil engineers take account of several factors just to ensure that the final product meets the standards expected. This is done taking account of the fact that the products are normally expected to last for several years and withstand many environmental challenges. In that regard, the engineers will normally consider factors such as the best design to use, the environmental conditions, the lifetime expected from the infrastructure and even government regulations. Civil engineering itself incorporates many different specializations that are in one way or another related to one another. These disciplines have gradually evolved over time as new realities forced engineers to seek better w ays to cope. Some of the major components of civil engineering include structural, environmental, geotechnical water, construction and urban planning. Normally in practice these fields relate to each other as engineers do their work. The most conspicuous field that comes to mind whenever someone talks about civil engineering is structural engineering. Here, engineers are faced with the difficult task of designing enduring structures that will resist all the environmental confrontations. They must use the appropriate materials to ensure the work is properly done. On the other hand, the knowledge of environmental engineers become almost indispensable as we try conserve the few resources that continue to diminish as the world’s population continue to surge. Their main concern is to provide a safe environment for humanity despite the pollution, to provide better ways of disposing our hazardous waste and how to manage the world’s water resources for us and for the posterity . Geotechnical engineering is concerned with those infrastructural facilities that are below the ground or dealing with the soil. A geotechnical engineer will therefore analyze such aspects as the type of soil, the stability of the ground, slopes and the quality of the rocks in a given area to determine whether they can support structures like tunnels, sewage systems, dam embankments and other infrastructure. A construction engineer on the other hand is concerned about all forms of transport infrastructure like roads, highways, railroads, airports etc. All these areas will no doubt require the best of minds given that quality should never be compromised in engineering. The most important aspect to note is that engineering is never a solitary venture. It is all about interdependence of different disciplines like architecture, survey and other areas all of which combine to give the knowledge that we seek in advancing humanity forward. List specific core (junior and/or senior) courses which are of the most interest to you and why. Also include three schools which offer the program.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Effect Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Sarbanes-Oxley Effect - Assignment Example Major financial scandals which involved big companies such as Enron and Worldcom gave a strong impetus towards bringing in SOX act. Most of these scandals took place in companies which aggressively pursued all the common principles of accounting, hence scandals in such places were also a big set back for the market investors. Therefore a strong need was felt to bring in a stringent law that would not only keep a tab on financial reporting but also help in rebuilding investor's confidence. The main aim of SOX is to improve the accuracy and reliability of financial disclosures by corporates and to ensure integrity in their financial reporting. The act also imposes severe penalties and punishments for the CEOs and CFOs of the firms which fail to adhere to its requirements. There have been numerous studies and researches on this subject. Keeping in lieu with SOX intention of increasing financial accuracy, Cohen report of 2005 suggests a steady increase in financial accruals before SOX and a reversal in this trend post-SOX. Heflin and Hsu paper (2004) indicates a significant decline in the use of non-GAAP earning measures and a probability that disclosed earnings either exceed or meet expectations post SOX. Â  

Comparing international developments to New Zealands policies and Coursework

Comparing international developments to New Zealands policies and practices, in relation to disability and aging. Both groups are to be covered - Coursework Example They have emphasized the use of the term without any form of discriminatory tone or motive. Based on this argument, different scholars, governments and organizations have come up with varied definitions on disability. In china, for example, the term ‘disabled person’ is one who suffers from the abnormalities of loss of a certain organ or function, physiologically or physically, or in anatomical structure and has lost wholly or in part the ability to perform an activity in a way considered normal (Office of Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation in State Council, 2004). Moreover, the same provision defines a disabled person as one with visual, hearing, speech or physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, psychiatric disabilities, multiple disabilities, and or other disabilities (National Bureau of Statistics, 2007). This definition is pegged on/ borrowed from that of the international community about the caring for people with various disabilities. Disabilities are inflicted o people through different ways depending on the prevailing circumstances under which people operate. These people, therefore, deserve respect and fair treatment on different aspects of the society just as the entire human folk is entitled to certain rights and privileges depending on their sincere contributions to the various developmental units in the society. People with disability are not able to perform certain tasks in a way deemed satisfactory to the society compared to those without any form of disability in them. In most cases, the disabled persons are disadvantaged on such grounds. The international community, therefore, found it necessary to enact laws in a bid to protect disabled persons from exploitation and manipulations by other members of the society. Each democratic nation today has elaborate laws governing the operations and movements of people with disability in

Holy Mosque of Mecca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Holy Mosque of Mecca - Essay Example It is covered with silk. Pilgrims must, as their first duty, walk or run around the Ka’ba seven times murmuring prayers. It can be seen in the courtyard a particular well in which pious Mohammed is said to have dipped linen that is later made into shrouds. The hill of Arafat is hold with greatest reverence by pilgrims. It lies about thirteen miles east of Mecca. All those who make the pilgrimage to the Holy City go to Arafat. They travel on foot, donkeys, horses, and camels. Some caravans have two kinds of camels: one is for carrying baggage and other provisions, while the other bears the name â€Å"shugdufs† and is decorated with tents of carpets and curtains which protect the riders from the sun. Millions of Moslems flock to Mecca, just like centuries ago, beginning the month of December. During the Haj, streets are crowded as people continually come in filling the Haram mosque like a balloon growing larger up to its bursting point. With the growing number of followers and the increasing architectural and engineering possibilities, The Great Mosque of al-Haram is still on the path of restructuring and redesigning until today without losing its commodity, firmness, and delight – the elements of architecture. However, although great Moslem populations are open to constructions and renovations, the believers strictly adhere to their belief and strong Islamic culture and the 21st century architecture and methods of construction being implemented on the Great Mosque of al-Haram clearly threatens Islamic culture and belief. Architecture is known by many not only as a course in tertiary education and a profession that brings a promising career but an art of building. As Sir Henry Wotton said in The Elements of Architecture, published posthumously in 1651, it must possess â€Å"commodity, firmness, and delight;† in

Ithacan University Management Research Proposal

Ithacan University Management - Research Proposal Example There are various graduates’ degrees available at Ithacan including degree in health and business. Outside the lecture room, Ithacan University provides various opportunities for employees to assist the wider society. Hibidash is the university's annual Humanity Habitat 5k race. Of huge significance is the university program that supp...orts malnourished children, and Friday Services is a program through which university staff can volunteer and support in the broader Ithacan region. Students and employees can also participate by joining many of the other students and staff organizations or by taking part in club sport or recreational activities of the institution. Ithacan University offers a high-rate education on a basis of first-name. With a close student faculty, ration of about 12:1 and emphasizes on active involvement and learning. Ithacan is the best place to prepare for a long-term success. Ithacan's Vibrant, residential university overlooks Fingers Lake and is home to over 9,000 undergraduates and more than 850 faculties. The estimated budget for the restructuring program is about 400 million dollars. The estimated amount of money will cater for the replacement of the items and facilities not automatically replaced during the last program, such as laptops docking stations, computer monitors, special keyboards, software not added to the primary network bundle and RAM upgrades. The said amount will meet the employee’s salary increment and their security needs. Even, though, there are different ways in which employees can be recognized and rewarded, as a HR director, I look to give monthly salary increments in realization and acknowledgment of individual performance for employees whose performance will be consistently appealing, and who will demonstrate the job specific skills, behaviors and knowledge to meet overall expectations of the institution. Salary adjustments will be made at the start of each year as well as contingent on funds avail ability, (Baldwin 45). Also, all faculties to be offered appointment for the following academic year will receive yearly evaluations for salary. Procedures and policies concerned with faculty evaluations will be available in the faculty Handbook. Compensation strategy

Our Greatest American President Essay Example for Free

Our Greatest American President Essay Franklin Delano Roosevelt became our thirty-second President in one of the most critical times in the history of the United States since the Civil War. Born to wealth, FDR held a sense of social importance at an early age. This attribute would soon become an important part of his political career. He was also faced with the despair of a devastating disease. Roosevelt was forced to view himself in a different perspective, however he took his illness and turned it into a way of helping others that were stricken with the same misfortune. This showed tremendous integrity in Roosevelt not only as a man but as a great President. During his tenure as Vice President, Roosevelt contracted the disease poliomyelitis and became completely paralyzed. This was one of the greatest obstacles that he had to face in his life, but he quickly overcame this hurdle and worked diligently to establish a foundation known as the March of Dimes to help other polio victims. Eventually, an effective vaccination was introduced. Roosevelt had married a distant cousin, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, who was able to provide much support in both his personal and political lives. The United States at the time was going through a critical period and the American family was important to everyone. Having a supportive first lady Roosevelt quickly gained the admiration of many Americans. The Great Depression had been present for almost three years and FDR had his work cut out for him. He had used the Great Depression as the back drop of his Presidential campaign and when he took office, he quickly set out to reform the economy and â€Å"undertook immediate actions to initiate his New Deal. †(fdrlibrary. marist. edu) There were some critics, but the majority of Americans welcomed Roosevelt’s policies. He set up a special session of congress that lasted 100 days and was geared towards the passage of legislation that created the Agriculture Adjustment Administration, to support farm prices, and the Civilian Conversation Corps, to employ young men. The country was faced with an unemployment rate of 30%, but FDR’s efforts proved his compassion for the American people and his empathy despite the fact of his privileged birth. Roosevelt had gained extreme popularity with the American people and easily attained the Presidency for a second term. Roosevelt was faced with offense from the Supreme Court stating that some of his New Deal policies went against the principles of the United States Constitution. Roosevelt attempted to add new justices to the Supreme Court that would be more tolerant of his policies. â€Å"However, many even in his own party opposed him in this attempt to pack the court, and the Congress defeated it. †(notablebiographies. com/Ro-Sc/Roosevelt-Franklin-D. html) This developed a bitter rapport between FDR and Congress. But, despite this scarred relationship, FDR ran for a third term. â€Å"The presidential campaign of 1940 was the climax of Roosevelt’s plea that Americans set themselves against the Nazi threat. †(notablebiographies. com/Ro-Sc/Roosevelt-Franklin-D. html) Roosevelt was certain that Adolf Hitler was a dangerous man who intended to conquer all of Europe. Americans remembered their disappointment after World War I, and there were many of them who leaned toward supporting the Germans rather than the group of countries known as the Allies. The Allied force consisted of: Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. Roosevelt had to promise the American people that young Americans would not be sent overseas in battle. Roosevelt won the third election but very narrowly. Not long into the third presidential term the United States was attacked. â€Å"On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii, causing serious losses to American forces. †(notablebiographies. com/Ro-Sc/Roosevelt-Franklin-D. html) Four days later Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. Although Roosevelt had set out to engage the United States in the war, he now had no choice. The mood of the American people also quickly changed. Congress immediately â€Å"enacted a draft for military service and the â€Å"lend-lease† bill in March 1941 to enable the nation to furnish aid to nations at war with Germany and Italy. †(fdrlibrary. marist. edu) The factories in the United States began producing as they had before the Great Depression. Roosevelt worked diligently with his military advisors exercising his powers as Commander-in-Chief. On January 1, 1942, the â€Å"Grand Alliance† was created through a declaration of the United Nations. â€Å"The United States and its allies invaded North Africa in November 1942 and Sicily and Italy in 1943. The D-Day landings on the Normandy beaches in France, June 6, 1944, were followed by the allied invasion of Germany six months later. †(americanhistory. about. com/od/franklinroosevelt/p/pfdroosevelt. htm) In his third term as president, the Great Depression would come to an end, but FDR wanted to ensure that this devastation would not happen again. In 1934, he proposed a national social security system that, he hoped, would prevent another such depression. Citizens would never be without at least minimum incomes again, because the social security system (still used today) used money paid by employees and employers to provide support to those who were unemployed, retired, and disabled. † (notablebiographies. com/Ro-Sc/Roosevelt-Franklin-D. html) Although Roosevelt had not actually fought in the war, he fought tremendously for it. By early 1944 Roosevelt had literally worn himself out. He won a fourth re-election easily, but because of his failing health, while vacationing in Warm Springs, Georgia, on April 12, 1945, he suffered a massive stroke and died. The United States, during Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s presidency, faced many similar situations that our county is once again facing. Because of FDR’s compassion, strength, character, and perseverance, we were able to overcome those obstacles and become a stronger nation. I can only hope that our current leadership will use the past as a guide to steer their actions and, once again, lead our country to more prosperous times. Work Cited www. fdrlibrary. marist. edu www. americanhistory. about. com/od/franklinroosevelt/p/pfdroosevelt. htm www. notablebiographies. com/Ro-Sc/Roosevelt-Franklin-D. html http://www. whitehouse. gov/about/presidents/franklindroosevelt/ http://www. fdr. net/

Depository System In India Security System For Investors Economics Essay

Depository System In India Security System For Investors Economics Essay Close to sixty three years of Independence, India has emerged to be one of the driving forces of the World Economy. However, with the recent setback of the Global Recession of 2007, a need had been felt to look into the existing structures of the Financial Institutions present. Consequently, a Committee was established by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), under the chairmanship of Bimal Jalan, former Reserve Bank of India (RBI) governor, in February 2010. It was setup with the view to underscore an important distinction between regulation and control, and to ensure that the former does not degenerate into the latter. The committee has also instituted an interesting term called the Market Infrastructure Institutions. The term marker infrastructure denotes such fundamental facilities and systems serving the market. As per the Report  [1]  , Stock exchanges, depositories and clearing corporations are collectively referred to as securities Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs). They can be defined to be institutions providing basic, underlying framework or features for the market. Well functioning MIIs are the backbone of any economy, which in turn is directly proportional to the well-being of the economy. Infrastructure Institutions can be characterized by provision of essential services, offering networking services, exhibiting economies of scale, presenting sunk costs and operating natural monopolies.  [2]   Introduction Depositories form an important part of the securities Market Infrastructure Institutions in India. As per section 2(e) of the Depositories Act, 1996, a depository means a company formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956 and which has been granted a Certificate of Registration under sub-section (1A) of section 12 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992). In simple words, a Depository is an organization which is similar to a bank. It holds the securities of investors in an electronic book entry form at their request and provides services related to transactions in securities with speed, accuracy and safety. It interacts with its clients through a `Depository Participant with whom the client is required to open a Demat Account. A depository participant is defined in section 2(g) of the Depositories Act, 1996 as participant means a person registered as such under sub-section (1A) of section 12 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992). An application for the grant of certificate of registration as Depository Participant is made to the Board Form E along with application fee as specified in Part A of the second schedule of the Depository Participant Regulations. Public financial  institutions, scheduled commercial banks,  foreign banks operating in India with the approval of the Reserve Bank of India, state financial corporations,  custodians, stock-brokers, clearing corporations /clearing houses, NBFCs and Registrar to an Issue or Share Transfer Agent complying with the requirements prescribed by SEBI can be registered as Depository Participants. Evolution of Depository System in India The growth in the Indian capital market both in number of transactions and the value of trade and resultant settlement of securities exposed the limitation of handling securities in the paper mode. Physical (paper) mode of holding securities was not only cumbersome and inefficient but also held numerous risks for the participant and led to dissatisfaction of issuers and investors alike. Due to limitations and problems associated it necessitated the setting up of depositories to move away from paper based holding of securities. Thus, Depository system was established to eliminate the inconvenience and confusion caused by the paper based trading and a scripless trading system came to be recognized. The enactment of Depositories Act in August 1996 paved the way for introduction of Depository system in India. Following the notification of the SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 1996, National Securities Depository Ltd (NSDL), a company sponsored by the NSE, IDBI and UTI was granted a certificate of registration as a depository on June 7,1996. Some of the other shareholders are State Bank of India, HDFC Bank Limited, Deutsche Bank A.G., Axis Bank Limited, Citibank N.A.Standard Chartered Bank, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, Oriental Bank of Commerce etc. The higher shareholding (of at least 51%) by sponsors, including stock exchanges in depositories was permitted in the initial stages for facilitating the setting up of depositories. Central Depository Services (India) Ltd (CDSL), the second depository, was promoted by Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE) in association with Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, State Bank of India and HDFC Bank. BSE has been involved with this venture right from the inception and has contributed overwhelmingly to the fruition of the project. The initial capital of the company is Rs.104.50 crores. The list of major shareholders with effect from 5th July, 2010 is  [3]  : Name of shareholders Value of holding (in Rupees Lacs) % Terms to total equity Bombay Stock Exchange Limited 5,663.46 54.20 Bank of India 582.00 5.57 Bank of Baroda 530.00 5.07 State Bank of India 1,000.00 9.57 HDFC Bank Limited 750.00 7.18 Standard Chartered Bank 750.00 7.18 Canara Bank 674.46 6.45 Inter-depository transfer through on-line connectivity between CDSL and NSDL was established in 1999.  [4]   Benefits of the Depository System The main objective of the depository system is to maintain and safeguard the ownership and transfer records of securities in an electronic form. Depository system eliminates the inconvenience and confusion caused by the paper based trading. It is a safe and convenient way of holding securities and reduces the risks associated with certificates. In a depository system, the investors have the advantages like efficient settlements, lower costs and lower risks of theft. It also facilitates immediate transfer of securities and no stamp duty is required on transfer of shares. Change in address recorded with Depository Participant gets registered with all companies in which investor holds securities electronically eliminating the need to correspond with each of them separately. Also there is automatic credit into demat account of shares, arising out of bonus/split/consolidation/merger etc.A natural guardian is not required to take court approval for selling Demat securities on behalf of a minor. Ease in portfolio monitoring  since statement of account gives a consolidated position of investments in all instruments. Holding investments in equity and debt instruments in a single  account is also another advantage of the depository system. Features of Indian Depository System: Dematerialization: There are two models for depository system across the world-dematerialization and immobilization. India has adopted the dematerialization model. India provides for a competitive multi-depository system. There can be various entities providing depository services.eg (NSDL and CDSL).The model adopted in India provides only for Dematerialization of securities. Dematerialization is the process of converting the physical form of shares into an electronic form and in short called Demat. Dematerialization of securities occurs when securities issued in physical form is destroyed and an equivalent number of securities are credited into the beneficiary owners account. The depositories can provide their services to investors through their agents called Depository Participants. These agents are appointed subject to the conditions prescribed under Securities and Exchange Board of India (Depositories and Participants) Regulations,1996 and other applicable conditions. The participants and investors get their respective IDs which has a unique identification in the depository system. Any number of depository accounts can be opened. After opening an account with the Depository Participant the investor should surrender the physical certificates held in his name to a depository participant. These certificates will be sent to the respective companies where they will be cancelled after dematerialization and will credit the investors account with the Depository Participant. The securities on dematerialization will appear as balances in the depository account. These balances can be transferred like the shares held in physical form. The securities in the Demat can again be converted into physical form which is called as dematerialization. Dematerialization of shares is optional and the investor can hold shares in the physical form, however the investor will have to demat the shares if he wishes to sell or purchase the shares through stock exchanges. Immobilization of securities is done by storing or lodging the physical security certificates with an organization that acts as a custodian a securities depository. All subsequent transactions in such immobilized securities take place through book entries. The actual owners have the right to withdraw the physical securities from the custodial agent whenever required by them. In the case of IPO, a jumbo certificate is issued in the name of the beneficiary owners based on which the depository gives credit to the account of beneficiary owners. Fungibility: Section 9 of the Depositories Act, 1996 states that securities in depositories should be in fungible form. In the depository system, the securities dematerialized are not identified by distinctive numbers or certificate numbers as in the physical environment. Thus all securities in the same class are identical and interchangeable. For example, all equity shares in the class of fully paid up shares are interchangeable. Registered Owner/ Beneficial Owner: In the depository system, the ownership of securities dematerialized is bifurcated between Registered Owner and Beneficial Owner. For the securities dematerialized, NSDL is the Registered Owner in the books of the issuer, but ownership rights and liabilities rest with Beneficial Owner. All the rights, duties and liabilities underlying the security are on the beneficial owner of the security. Free Transferability of shares: Transfer of shares held in dematerialized form takes place freely through electronic book-entry system. Legal Framework The depository business in India is regulated by: a. The Depositories Act, 1996 It was enacted to provide for regulation of depositories  in securities and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. It came into force from 20th September, 1995. It provides for the establishment of single and multiple depositories. Anybody to be eligible needs to be formed and registered as a company under the Companies Act, 1956 and seek registration with SEBI and obtain a Certificate of Commencement of Business from SEBI on fulfillment of the prescribed conditions. b. The SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 1996 SEBI on 6th May, 1996 issued SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 1996 which apply to depositories and its participants. The Depositories Act requires that the registration of the depository, depository participant and custodian, is mandatory with SEBI.  [5]  These regulations also contain provisions for operations and functioning of depositories, for application and certificates used and schedule of fees for participants etc. c. Bye-Laws of Depository Depository is required to frame its bye-laws  [6]  with the prior approval of SEBI, consistent with the provisions of the Act and the regulations made by SEBI thereunder. However on non-compliance SEBI has the power to amend or revoke the bye-laws on its own. d. Other Laws Apart from the above, Depositories are also governed by certain provisions of Companies Act, 1956, The Indian Stamp Act, 1899, SEBI Act,1956, SCRA,1956, Benami Transaction Prohibition Act,1988, Income Tax Act,1961, Bankers Book Evidence Act,1891. Ownership Norms Setting up of a Depository: An application for the grant of a certificate of registration as a depository shall be made to the Board by the sponsor in Form A. A Sponsor (anchor investor), as per section 2 (g), SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 1996, means any person or persons who, acting alone or in combination with another proposes to establish a depository and undertakes to perform the obligations of a sponsor under these regulations. It is to be accompanied by the fee  [7]  and be paid in the manner specified thereof.  [8]   The application should be accompanied by draft bye-laws of the depository that is proposed to be set up. The sponsor is to be from one of the mentioned categories: (i) A public financial institution as defined in section 4A of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956); (ii) A bank included for the time being in the Second Schedule to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (2 of 1934); (iii) A foreign bank operating in India with the approval of the Reserve Bank of India; (iv) A recognized stock exchange within the meaning of clause (j) of section 2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956); (v) A body corporate engaged in providing financial services where not less than seventy-five per cent of the equity capital is held by any of Securities and Exchange Board of India the institutions mentioned in sub-clause (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) jointly or severally; (vi) A body corporate constituted or recognized under any law for the time being in force in a foreign country for providing custodial, clearing or settlement services in the securities market and approved by the Central Government; (vii) An institution engaged in providing financial services established outside India and approved by the Central Government; The applicant is supposed to be a fit and proper person.  [9]   Presently, sponsors are required to hold at least 51% of the equity share capital in the depository, either alone or together.  [10]  Also, no participant shall at any time, hold more than 5% of the equity capital of the depository  [11]   No person other than a sponsor, whether resident in India, or not, shall at any time, either individually or together with persons acting in concert, hold more than 5% of the equity share capital in the depository.  [12]   The expression person resident in India shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (v) of section 2 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999). The expression Persons acting in concert shall have the meaning derived from clause (e) of sub-regulation (1) of Regulation 2 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 1997. The combined holding of all persons resident outside India in the equity share capital of the depository shall not exceed, at any time, 49% of its total equity share capital, subject further to the following: the sponsor shall, at all times, hold at least 51% of the equity capital of the depository and the balance of the equity capital of the depository shall be held by its participants.  [13]   At present, the combined holding of all persons residing outside India in the equity share capital of an MII is capped at 49% subject to the following: The combined holding through FDI  [14]  and FII  [15]  routes are capped at 26% and 23%, respectively. FIIs can acquire the equity shares of an MII only through the secondary market.  [16]   An FII cannot have representation on the board of an MII.  [17]   After considering the application, if the Board is satisfied that the company established by the sponsor is eligible to act as a depository it may grant a certificate of registration in Form B to the depository subject to the prescribed conditions like registration fee, redressing of grievances etc. A depository is required to make an application to the Board for commencement of business in Form C within one year from the date of issue of certificate of registration. The SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 1996, provides that: the depository shall not carry on any activity other than that of a depository unless the activity is incidental to the activity of the depository  [18]   It is provided that a depository may carry out such activity not incidental to its activities as a depository, as may be assigned to the depository, by the Central Government or by a regulator in the financial sector, through the establishment of Strategic Business Unit(s), and by complying with other conditions specified by the Board.  [19]   A Strategic Business Unit shall be an organizational unit of a company with its own mission, objectives and business strategy that is given the responsibility to serve the particular demands of one business area with appropriate technological, financial and other segregations. It is provided that for the purposes of clause (d) and (e) no foreign entity,  [20]  individually and collectively either as a sponsor or as a participant or as a sponsor and participant together shall hold more than 20% of the equity capital of a depository. Board Composition The Board composition for the two main depositories in India can be summarized as follows: a. National Securities Depository Ltd (NSDL) Independent Directors: 5 Shareholder Directors: 5 MD/CEO: 1 b. Central Depository Services (India) Ltd (CDSL) Independent Directors: 2 Shareholder Directors: 5 Whole time Directors: 1 The board structure for depositories is not subject to stringent norms. Only financial institutions/banks/stock exchanges, etc. can be sponsors of a depository and these are mostly nominated as shareholder directors. Further there have been no requirements for appointment of MD/CEO that have been prescribed for depositories. Net Worth of Depositories The net worth requirement for Depositories is 100 crores. Disadvantages: Prior to dematerialization there was almost a gap of three months between application date and listing of shares. Dematerialization has reduced this gap to a great extent. Current regulations prohibit multiple bids or applications by a single person. But the investors open multiple demat accounts and make multiple applications to subscribe to IPOs in the hope of getting allotment. The recent IPO allotment scam proves that even a highly automated system is not the solution to prevent malpractices, if there is laxity. The scam of Yes bank and IDFC reveal the defect that investor banker fail to weed out multiple applications either direct or benami.eg. In the Yes Bank scandal thirteen investors had manipulated the allotment of shares by opening 7500 benami accounts and made profit in 1.7crores. Eventually all the thirteen investors were banned from trading in bank shares immediately. Lack of coordination between banks, DPs, brokers depositories, registrars and investment bankers and clarity of their roles has given rise to such problems. The depository system is complex and in need of greater supervision and control. Thus is the working of the Depository system in India. The advantages of the depository system outweigh the disadvantages. Few changes in the complex system and specifications regarding the appointment of Board of directors need to be specified.

Marketing Analysis Tools for Business

Marketing Analysis Tools for Business Todays world all businesses around the world become intense competition. Companies have to find their own strongest strategies by using effective marketing tools in order to survive in the business competition. By doing that, there are many marketing tools such as SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, BCG matrix, 4P s, Porters five forces, etc. The main purpose of using these is to help the companies create and enhance their strategies so that their business performance will be improved. On this assessment, it will illustrate SWOT analysis and PEST analysis which give an understanding how they work through the business companies. To begin with SWOT analysis, it is one of the most important marketing tools that is used for analysing the business situations and strategic plannings. It is also useful for determining the new strategies by analysing the internal and external factors (Bartolomei, 2010). This strategy is beneficial for various organisations or businesses. Besides, SWOT analysis is divided into two categories which are examining on the both internal and external factors. Internal factors consist of strengths (S) and weaknesses (W), while external factors comprise opportunities (O) and threats (T) (Novicevic, Harvey, Autry and Bond lll, 2004). Thus, SWOT analysis plays a crucial key in the companies strategies to succeed. There are many examples that support conducting SWOT analysis with the companies. To begin with the first example, Zahorsky (n.d.) claimed that there are plenty of businesses have capability to aware of their inner-performance while the outer-performance are not well enough. Hence, SWOT analysis is very useful for them to examine their companies especially for small businesses. In addition, it is effective to look for the companies growth, comprehend their structure, and improve the competitive marketing and advertising. The second example is Vanichakul (2004), who is the lecturer in Thailands university, explained that SWOT analysis could be used to create the strategic planning and analyse the current situation in order that the organisations would minimise the weaknesses and threats whereas they would maximise the strengths and opportunities. However, he also gave an example that in Thailand the majority of organisations especially schools and universities applied SWOT analysis to not only create their new strategic planning but also determine their performance so as to improve their organisations consecutively. The third example is about Mcdonalds case study (The Time 100, 2009). It was discussed about SWOT analysis which could be used for multiplying the opportunities in strategic business marketing because of the different demands of each customer. Another thing, of which the companies should do, was the regular customers record. Furthermore, the strengths and weaknesses of Mcdonald were referred to brand loyalty, serving time, tastes, convenient food and the quality of food. While the opportunities and threats were referred to its competitors, target groups, menu and facilities. The fourth example is Tasmeen (2009) provided the case study of Ford by conducting SWOT analysis and considering the internal and external environment factors which influenced on Ford s performance. Additionally, the Interpublic Group of Companies was scrutinised the structure, procedures, histories and products by using SWOT analysis so as to enhance its strategic plannings (Aarkstore, 2010). Moreover, The Ashley Furniture Industries was also examined by SWOT analysis. Following this, the result of it included the history, employees, main competitors, essential product and services (Companiesandmarkets, 2010). However, there are several advantages and disadvantages for this marketing tool. Firstly, SWOT analysis is useful for businesses because of increasing the strengths of companies and reducing the weaknesses of companies. Furthermore, the analysis of opportunities and threats is to analyse the external factors, which the companies sometimes cannot control. From these reasons, SWOT analysis will enhance the image of companies and lead to the effective business performance. Secondly, SWOT analysis will help the companies to create new strategies. Due to a better business performance, the companies should aware of their weak points and build their own strong points so as to have their efficient future plans. It is certainly true that SWOT analysis is easy to adapt with a variety of situations such as selection, prioritizing important orders, facing to the unexpected problems, analysis the cause and effect of problems, generating the new project, enhancing the work effectiveness and creati ng the acquisition of knowledge. Besides, Bartolomei s article (2010) supported that the benefits of SWOT analysis are to provide and help the companies to forecast the causes and effects more explicitly. On the other hand, there are some arguments that against the advantages. For instance, there are many misunderstanding of SWOT analysis which causes problems about the quality of information such as skills, experiences, and the researchers. Another example is SWOT analysis should be repeated doing intermittently in order to examine the changes of situations and factors. Moreover, people who take responsibility for SWOT analysis could not have the bias due to avoiding the distorted information. (Novicevic, Harvey, Autry and Bond III, 2004) This part is going to discuss about PEST analysis, which is one of the marketing tools. Companies or organisations use this tool to analyse the external factors including political (P), economic (E), social (S) and technological (T) factors that are difficult to control. However, it also has impacts on the organisational or business performance. In addition, according to Haughey s thinking (n.d.), PEST analysis is the significant part of conducting a strategic planning of project. Firstly it will analyse political factors such as tax rate, labour laws, law enforcement, trade policy and charging fee as well as the certain situation of politics. Secondly, for economic factors, it will consider economic crisis, economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation and deflation. Thirdly, in term of social factors, it will pay attention to the social value, the social aspects, cultures, believes and medical cares, population growth, longer life period, unemployed rate, crime rate an d safety. Finally, the last factor, which is about technologies, will illustrate conducting Research and Development (RD), mechanization or industrialization, the development of technological motivations and the technological changes. There is an example that conducting PEST analysis with a company, which is one of the tourism industries in the UK, namely Simply Travel. According to the article, PEST analysis was influenced on the customers needs (123HelpMe, 2011). Another example is UNISON, which is the biggest public sector trade union in the UK, conducts PEST analysis in order to reach the demand of its staff and determination. Following the article, it is clearly revealed that the Migrant Workers Participation Project had a good impact on the alien employees outside Britain by using PEST analysis (The Times 100, 2010). Nevertheless, there are many benefits if the companies use PEST analysis. For instance, the companies will be aware of the extensive firm s factors. Not only does it motivate the firms to improve their strategic planning, but the firms also are cautious their risks if they need to gain more profit as well. Besides, the companies will be indicated their opportunities so that they will enhance their effective performances. Despite the fact that PEST analysis will help the companies to understand and create the up-to-date marketing strategic planning, it also has some limitations that affect its actions. For example, the dramatic change in the competitive market leads to the difficult companies situation in the future. Having a lot of information might be problem for finding the real useful information. Many people believe that PEST analysis uses for analysing the macro external environment and it is associated with others components such as their own companies, businesses and competitors (CMI, 2005). To conclude, it is obviously true that every marketing tool has not only many advantages but also many disadvantages. However, it is better to use SWOT analysis simultaneously because PEST analysis can be shown only the external factors. Therefore, SWOT analysis will be covered the internal factors analysis. Additionally, there are some suggestions that the companies should use other tools such as PRIMO-F analysis, Porters five forces in the same time (Morrison, 2010). Although, using both of PEST and SWOT analysis are beneficial, the companies should updated their information in order to avoid obsolete information. Consequently, the companies will be able to understand their performance, improve their strategic planning and compete with their other competitors.

Essay --

Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Everyone has strengths and weaknesses but being a rather younger one, it’s hard to deal with your weaknesses. It’s not until you grow up and realize that you have to use your strengths to overcome your weaknesses. The ability to win others in my point of view – like many others – is invaluable. I believe I would be more successful in everyday situations, like asking for a raise or ironing out a difference with a neighbor, only if I concentrate more on myself. Like every other person on this planet, I consider myself being composed of certain strengths and weaknesses. I will start off by discussing my flaws and the personal deficiencies I hold within. Poor communication skills in English Realizing the fact that English is my second language that’s why not having essential command on this language is one of my weaknesses that are really big stumbling blocks for me. Basically I am an Asian. Every now and then, due to my poor communication skills in English I feel uncomfortable to tell people how to do things. I do have problem in school or workplace b...

Comparing London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge by William Wor

Comparing London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth William Blake was born in London in 1757. He was taught by his mother at home, and became an apprentice to an engraver at fourteen. In addition to poetry Blake spent much of his time painting. Blake lived on the edge of poverty and died in neglect. His poetry receiving little acclaim while he was alive. ‘London’ was written by Blake in 1789. Taken from Blake’s ‘Songs of Experience’, the style is darker and in a sense depressing. It describes the city after the Industrial Revolution. Blake takes a very negative and hopeless view of the city and the lives of those living within it. He hated the way London was becoming, looking negatively on business and materialism. Blake felt himself as free, and the poem is a comment on others living in London. In the first line of the first stanza, he creates immediate effect as he contrasts the words ‘wander’ with ‘charter’d’, which he goes on to use to describe the Thames River in the following line. Wander suggests a sense of naturally meandering in an open expanse, contrasting greatly with the latter, which referring to the city itself, suggests a sense of narrow enclosed in space. This description leads the reader to envisage a regulated and constrained city, limited by business and materialism. Blake goes on to describe the ‘charter’d Thames does flow.’ This is ironic in the sense that any flow seems to be restricted by the banked in and concreted image of the river that the poet creates – there is nothing natural or beautiful about the Thames any longer. Equally Blake’s repetition of the word mark, while us... ...r for what she does in order to make a living. This is ironic because the business of prostitution is caused in part by the restrictions placed upon the married man. It is also ironic because the married man is what has created the need for, and use of prostitutes. The harlot curses the respectable and polite society because it is they who have created the demand for her, and then look down upon what she does. ‘Blights with plagues’ implies that perhaps she also infects them with some sort of sexually transmitted disease, conceivably as a type of vengeance upon those who shun her. The final words of the poem, â€Å"Marriage hearse† compares marriage to death. The narrator sees marriage as another type of restriction placed upon man by society, marriage is a sort of death in man’s ability to be free to do as he wishes.

Benefits of Alcohol v Costs :: Social Issues, Informative, Persuasive

Benefits of Alcohol v. Social Costs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An anti-alcohol bill could never pass in America’s pluralistic society. To ban alcohol in this country would be to step on the toes of many cultural leaders, and cause an extreme economic loss. Anything is dangerous in excess and perhaps the campaign on alcohol should be to teach moderation and better identify the genetic disorder of alcoholism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol is a dynamic part of European culture. It has integrated America in an unwelcome manner. A majority of America is interested or descended from the ethnicity that flooded the American coasts in the 1800’s. However, the truth is that an Irish Wake could not take place without a pint. The communion of the Catholic Church would be phenomenally less meaningful without the communion wine. The descendants of an aristocrat understand that the value of a man is expressed in the total value of the wine cellar and in the imports from vacations abroad. There is no greater gesture than an expensive casks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The modern said and proven health benefits of a glass of wine with dinner have affected the American businessperson and encouraged this post-work tradition. However, there is no considerable difference in the percent of alcoholism since the release of this heart science. In Italy it is often a practice to put wine in with milk in baby bottles to help colic babies sleep. Gluttony is rarely a common trait, food or alcohol. However I do believe that alcohol gluttons pose a considerable health risk for American public and action needs to be taken against gluttons as a whole, in violation individual rights or not.

How Cavemen Lived

How cavemen lived By: Ausha Champ Here are a few of the reasons cavemen wrote on the walls of there caves. One is how to kill or catch certain pray. So they could have the meat for pray and hide for quilt. The way to tell how many people in there crew died. They would trace there hand and color it in brown or black and trace the other hand in white. The color represents the living and the white represents the dead. Hares a good question, Why do cavemen draw animals on the wall of their caves? Hares the answer, they were inspired by the animals and the drew pictures to tell stories about them.Did you know that a fool hand meant positiveness? And a hand with the thumb, pinkie, and ring finger meant negativeness. The way you can find this out is go to google and type in the stone age. I have been wondering this whole time what did cavemen do if they broke a bone. What they did is they would pop it back into place and rape hide around it. Then they would not walk anywhere if it was a leg , and would not move their arm, if it was the arm that was broken. Did you know that cavemen had a lot more sicknesses then use? So if they got sick they wanted to stay away from others, so they didn’t get any one else sick.And yes it was that serious, and no I am not going crazy. Do you think cavemen were anymore health then use today, because of their diets? Actually we are more health, because our food it actually processed. You see cavemen didn’t have any processed food, unlike we do today . They did not have the technology to have processed food. Did cavemen have shoes? Well I don’t know for sure, but im pretty sure they would be smart enough to protect their feet, cavemen weren’t dumb. So that is what I found on cavemen, but I will fine out more in my social study book.

Corprate Global Strategy

Final Year Core Unit Corporate & Global Strategy Hemis Code: 5J3060 UNIT HANDBOOK 2011/2012 Tutors: Maria Allen Room 901d 0161 247 6527 m. [email  protected] ac. uk Carole Forbes Room 901a 0161 247 3830 c. [email  protected] ac. uk Dr. Panagiotis Kokkalis Room 808a 0161 247 6641 p. [email  protected] ac. uk Rationale Strategic management has become an integral mechanism for firms operating in the global economy, which is characterised by its high level of integration and cross-national operation. Strategic management issues relate to all aspects of an organisation, including its relationship with the environment and its internal processes. Accordingly, a vast amount of research has been conducted and published in the academic field of strategic management. Yet, far from showing a consensus, this literature is populated by a diversity of approaches, schools of thoughts, and paradigms. Understanding strategic management entails studying traditional and orthodox approaches to achieving and sustaining competitive advantage, as well as evaluating new and nnovative ways of organising and strategising in a global environment. Aims * To provide insights into the concepts relating to corporate and global strategy in the context of multinational, international and small to medium enterprises * To identify the impact of micro and macro influences on organisational strategising * To understand variables involved in strategic decision-making processes Unit Learning Outcomes On completing this unit, you should be able to: 1. Identify the key corporate and global level strategic management concepts. 2. Critique the concepts relating to the corporate and global levels of strategy in relation to a range of multinational and small to medium business enterprises. 3. Abstract from the global environment the key factors driving strategic change. 4. Critically evaluate the strategies of a range of enterprises involved in both manufacturing and service areas of business. 5. Measure the impact of global drivers on the operation and development of multinational enterprises. 6. Think creatively and develop the ability to recognise different strategic theories and practices in organisations. Assessment Coursework 40% comprising one element – an individual strategic analysis report assessing learning outcomes 2, 4, 5, 6. (See the brief below) Examination 60% – assessing learning outcomes 1, 2, 3, and 6 Assessment BA (HONS) BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BA (HONS) BUSINESS STUDIES COMBINED HONOURS CORPORATE AND GLOBAL STRATEGY You are required to conduct a strategic analysis of an international company of your choice. You should choose a company in which you have worked; have some knowledge, or one that has a high media profile. If you are in doubt about your choice of company, consult your tutor. You should use as the focus for your analysis a topic taken from the lecture programme and apply this to your chosen organisation to look at the particular aspects of the strategy within that organisation. However, this should be set in the context of the broader environment in which the organisation operates. It is important that you relate relevant theoretical frameworks to the empirical information (data) you have gathered in order to analyse, and not merely describe the organisation’s strategy. You should aim to evaluate the viability of the firm’s current strategy and make any recommendations for changes to the strategy that you consider to be appropriate. This analytical report should be no more than 3,500 words in length, should demonstrate your ability to identify and employ relevant academic concepts, theories and models, and should be fully referenced using the Harvard referencing system (refer to examples in handbook). Please attend the assignment preparation tutorials (see schedule below) where you will be provided with further information about the required content and scope of the work. In the event of a late submission, university regulations will apply. Submission date: Week commencing 16th January 2012 An assessment pro-forma is attached below for guidance. MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL Course: BA (Hons) Business, BA Combined Honors; BA (Hons) Business Studies Year: FinalSubject: Corporate & Global Strategy| Assignment: Strategic AnalysisStudent:Tutor:| Mark:| 1st:(as 2. i +) creative, innovative, intellectual depth, extraordinary quality of work| 2. :competent, complete, insight & observation, analytical and critical, total clarity | 2. ii:adequate, good coverage, some sound analysis, allowable flaws | 3rd:just sufficient, some theory, some observation, flawed but not failing | Fail:Simply incomplete OR totally uncritical OR no analysis OR inadequate material| THE INTRODUCTION sets the scene; and it indicates the areas to be covered, and in what order. | 1st 2. i 2. ii 3rd Fail| | THE LITERATURE/SOURCES/ surveyed is adequate in amount and qu ality, & is relevant to the selected topic. 1st 2. i 2. ii 3rd Fail| | The DEPTH OF ANALYSIS is sufficient, with a critical approach; underlying concepts are investigated. No unsupported statements: there is evidence for substantial arguments. | 1st 2. i 2. ii 3rd Fail| | THE APPLICATION OF RELEVANT MODELS has an appropriate focus in the analysis of the specific company. | 1st 2. i 2. ii 3rd Fail | | THE CONCLUSIONS, drawn from the analysis are realistic and intelligent| 1st 2. i 2. i 3rd Fail| | As an ACADEMIC REPORT, the language is appropriate, the structure is clear and manifest, & correct forms of academic referencing are used. | 1st 2. i 2. ii 3rd Fail| | Other comments: Teaching and Learning Strategy Learning will be through a mixture of lectures, seminars, discussions, reading and video material. Students will be encouraged to debate concepts and apply them to practical business situations and their own business experiences. Lectures will be complemented by seminars in which students have the pportunity to apply the theoretical frameworks that are covered in the lectures and gain an in-depth understanding of individual publications in this area. Seminars will take the form of group work, student presentations and discussions (focused on textbook material and journal articles) case studies and feedback. Tutorials The tutorials are intended to provide students with the opportunity to gain a more in-depth understanding of academic studies and apply theoretical frameworks to the analysis of real-world organisations. Tutorials take place every week and usually consist of group discussion and group presentations where appropriate. Students will be expected to prepare for the tutorials by undertaking their own research and carrying out the designated reading. Where students are allocated a specific article/paper/chapter to prepare, they should summarise it, present the main points and then comment on/critique it. To effectively critique the piece, students should research and read around the topic. It is expected that all students will read and prepare for these tutorials and contribute actively to them. The recommended textbook is Bob de Wit & Ron Meyer ‘Strategy Process, Content’, Context, an International Perspective’ 4th Edition, Thomson. Some of the designated preparatory reading chapters will be from this text. However, the recommended textbook does not cover every aspect of the unit and additional reading from books and journal articles are indicated for the relevant topics, to support the content of each lecture and the tutorial discussions. The following programme is indicative only; the order, specific content, activities and allocated readings are subject to change and amendments. Week/C| Lectures| Tutorials| Preparatory reading| Term 126 Sept| 1. Introduction to course aims and objectives, content review teaching/learning arrangements, assignment and assessmentCarole Forbes/Maria Allen/Panagiotis Kokkalis| No Tutorial| Practice accessing journal articles from the library electronic resources and Google scholar. Look for:Porter, M. E. (1996)Whittington, R. 2004)| 3 Oct| 2. Origins and ‘nature’ of Strategy. Panagiotis Kokkalis| Groups forming. Introduction to critical analysis. | Read: Porter (1996) Whittington (2004)| 10 Oct| 3. Theory of the firm and entrepreneurship theory Panagiotis Kokkalis| Origins of strategy Readings discussion| Origins of strategy Readings:Porter (1996) Whittington (2004)| 17 Oct| 4. Strategy formationPanagiotis Kokkalis| Assignment workshop 1| Decide on a topic and a companyCHANG E IS EXCLUDED. | 24 Oct| 5. RBVPanagiotis Kokkalis| Strategy formationReadings discussion| Strategy formation. Readings:Mintzberg and McHugh, (1985)| 31 OCT – 4 NOV – RED WEEK| Week/C| Lectures| Tutorials| Preparatory reading| 7 Nov| 6. Competences and CapabilitiesCarole Forbes| Strategy FormationReadings discussion| Strategy FormationReadings:Hodgkinson and Clarke (2007)| 14 Nov| 7. KnowledgePanagiotis Kokkalis| Resource Based ViewReadings discussion | Resource Based ViewReading:Barney (1991)| 21 Nov| 8. Strategic ThinkingPanagiotis Kokkalis| Competences and CapabilitiesReadings discussion| Competences and CapabilitiesReadings:Teece et. al. (1997)| 28 Nov| 9. LeadershipMaria Allen| Knowledge Based ViewReadings discussion| Kowledge Based ViewReadings:Nonaka (1994)| 5 Dec| 10. The International ContextMaria Allen| Workshop| Draft report| 12 Dec| No Lectures on this course| Drop In| | 16 DEC – 9 JAN 2012 – CHRISTMAS BREAK| | Lectures| Tutorials| Preparatory reading| Term2201209 Jan| 11. Drivers of Globalisation and FDIMaria Allen| Knowledge Based ViewReadings discussion| Knowledge Based ViewReadings:Szulanski (1996)| 16 Jan| 12. Strategic AlliancesCarole Forbes ASSIGNMENT DUE| LeadershipReadings discussion| LeadershipReadings:Cyert (1990)| 23 Jan| 13. Structure of industries and markets and the general government and business contextMaria Allen| LeadershipReadings discussion| LeadershipReadings:Case Study: Strategic Leadership and innovation at Apple Inc. Heracleous and Papachroni (2009)Page 681 DeWit and Meyer| 30 Jan| 14. Strategic ChangeCarole Forbes| GlobalisationReadings discussion| GlobalisationReadings:Levitt (1983)| 06 Feb| 15. Strategy as practice, ANT, CoPPanagiotis Kokkalis| GlobalisationReadings discussion| GlobalisationReadings:Douglas and Wind (1987)| 13 – 17 FEB – RED WEEK| Week/C| Lectures| Tutorials| Preparatory reading| 20 Feb| 16. Visiting Lecturer or Corporate Strategy| AlliancesReadings discussion| AlliancesReading:Koza and Lewin (1998)| 05March| 17. Organisational purpose & StakeholdersCarole Forbes| AlliancesReadings discussion| AlliancesReading:Gulati et al (2000)| 12March| 18. Corporate Strategy or Q& ACarole Forbes| Structure of industries and marketsReadings discussion| Structure of industries and marketsReading:Miller and Friesen (1983) | 19 March| 19. Exam RevisionCarole Forbes| Structure of industries and marketsReadings discussion| Structure of industries and marketsReading:Selsky et al (2007)| 26 March| 20. Exam RevisionCarole Forbes| Drop in | | 26 MARCH – 09 APRIL – EASTER VACATION | (The references for the authors shown in the programme are listed at the end of this handbook) The Recommended Textbook: Bob de Wit & Ron Meyer, Strategy, Process Content Context an International Perspective, Cengage Learning, 4th Ed. Journals Harvard Business Review Academy of Management Journal Academy of Management Review Long Range Planning Strategic Management Journal Recommended Reading Origins and Nature of Strategy Porter, M. E. (1996) ‘What is strategy? ‘, Harvard Business Review, November/December 61-78. Whittington, R. (2004) ‘Strategy after modernism: recovering practice', European Management Review, 1 62-68. Clegg, S. , Carter, C. and Kornberger, M. (2004) †Get up, I feel like being a strategy machine†, European Management Review, 1 (1), 21. Andrews, K. (1998) The concept of corporate strategy. In Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Eds, de Wit, B. and Meyer, R. ) Thomson Learning, London, pp. 86-93. Evered, R. (1983) ‘So what is strategy? ‘, Long Range Planning, 16 (3), 57. Cornelissen, J. A. (1977) ‘Corporate Strategy in the Eighties', Long Range Planning, 10 Oct. , 2. Campbell, A. and Alexander, M. (1997) ‘What's wrong with strategy? ‘, Harvard Business Review, November-December 39-52. Chaffee, E. E. (1985) ‘Three models of strategy', Academy of Management Review, 10 (1), 89-98. Hambrick, D. C. and Fredrickson, J. W. (2001) ‘Are you sure you have a strategy? ‘, The Academy of Management Executive, 15 (4), 48-59. Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel, G. (1994) ‘Strategy as a field of study: why search for a new paradigm', Strategic Management Journal, 15 5-16. Huff, A. S. (2001) ‘The continuing relevance of strategy', Human Relations, 54 (1), 123-130. Barry, D. and Elmes, M. (1997) ‘Strategy retold: towards a narrative view of strategic discourse', Academy of Management Review, 22 (2), 429-452. Theory of the firm and entrepreneurship theory Seth, A. and Thomas, H. (1994) ‘Theories of the firm: Implications for strategy research', The Journal of Management Studies, 31 (2), 165-193. Spender, J. C. (1996) ‘Organizational knowledge, learning and memory: three concepts in search of theory ‘, Journal of Organizational Change, 9 (1), 63-78. Grant, R. M. (1996) ‘Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm', Strategic Management Journal, 17 (Winter Special Issue), 109-131. Spender, J. C. and Grant, R. M. (1996) ‘Knowledge and the firm: Overview', Strategic Management Journal, 17 5. Lawrence, T. B. (1999) ‘Institutional strategy', Journal of Management, 25 (2), 161-188. Tsoukas, H. (1996) ‘The firm as a distributed knowledge system: a constructionist approach', Strategic Management Journal, 17 (Winter Special Issue), 11-23. Hodgkinson, G. P. and Clarke, I. 2007) ‘Conceptual note: Exploring the cognitive significance of organizational strategizing: A dual-process framework and research agenda', Human Relations, 60 (1), 243-255. Denis, J. -L. , Langley, A. and Rouleau, L. (2007) ‘Strategizing in pluralistic contexts: Rethinking theoretical frames', Human Relations, 60 (1), 179-215. Strategy Formation Mintzberg, H. and McHugh, A. (1985) ‘Strategy formation in an adhocracy', Administra tive Science Quarterly, 30 (2), 160-197. Grant, R. M. (2003) ‘Strategic planning in a turbulent environment: evidence from the oil majors', Strategic Management Journal, 24 491-517. Hart, S. L. nd Banbury, C. (1994) ‘How strategy-making processes can make a difference', Strategic Management Journal, 15 (4), 251-269. Mintzberg, H. (1990a) ‘The design school: reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management', Strategic Management Journal, 11 (3), 171-195. Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel, G. (1994) ‘Strategy as a field of study: why search for a new paradigm', Strategic Management Journal, 15 5-16. Mintzberg, H. (1994) ‘The fall and rise of strategic planning', Harvard Business Review, 72 (1), 107. Ansoff, I. H. (1965) Corporate strategy, revised edition, McGraw-Hill, New York Ansoff, I. H. (1991) ‘Critique of Henry Mintzberg's ‘the design school: Reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management†, Strategic Management Journal, 12 (6), 449-461. Bowman, C. , Ward, K. and Kakabadse, A. (2002) ‘Congruent, divergent and incoherent corporate level strategies', European Management Journal, 20 Dec, 671-679. Mintzberg, H. and Waters, J. A. (1985) ‘Of strategies, deliberate and emergent', Strategic Management Journal, 6 257-272. Mintzberg, H. (1990b) Strategy formation schools of thought. In Perspectives on strategic management (Ed, Fredrickson, J. W. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, pp. 188-209. Mintzberg, H. (1987) ‘Crafting strategy', Harvard Business Review, 65 (1), 66-75. Mintzberg, H. and Lampel, J. (1999) ‘Reflecting on the strategy process', Sloan Management Review, 40 (3), 21-30. Hodgkinson, G. P. and Clarke, I. (2007) ‘Conceptual note: Exploring the cognitive significance of organizational strategizing: A dual-process framework and research agenda', Human Relations, 60 (1), 243-255. Resource Based View Barney, J. B. (1991) ‘Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage', Journal of Management, 17 (1), 99-120. Mahoney, J. T. (2001) ‘A resource-based theory of sustainable rents', Journal of Management, 27 (6), 651-660. Wernerfelt, B. (1984) ‘A resource-based view of the firm', Strategic Management Journal, 5 171-180. Teece, D. J. , Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997) ‘Dynamic capabilities and strategic management', Strategic Management Journal, 18 (7), 509-533. Campbell-Hunt, C. (2000) ‘What have we learned about generic competitive strategy? A meta-analysis', Strategic Management Journal, 21 (2), 127-154. Competences and Capabilities Teece, D. J. , Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. 1997) ‘Dynamic capabilities and strategic management', Strategic Management Journal, 18 (7), 509-533. Eisenhardt, K. M. and Martin, J. A. (2000) ‘Dynamic capabilities: what are they? ‘, Strategic Management Journal, 21 (10-11), 1105-1121. Knowledge Tsoukas, H. and Vladimirou, E. (2001) ‘What is organizational knowledge? ‘, Journal of Management Studies, 38 (7), 973-993. W enger, E. (2004) ‘Knowledge management as a doughnut: shaping you knowledge strategy through communities of practice', Ivey Business Journal, January/February 1-8. Nonaka, I. (1994) A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organisation Science, 5 (1), 14 – 37. Szulanski, G. (1996). Exploring Internal Stickiness: Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice Within the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17 (Winter Special Issue), 27-43. Strategic Thinking Hodgkinson, G. P. and Clarke, I. (2007) ‘Conceptual note: Exploring the cognitive significance of organizational strategizing: A dual-process framework and research agenda', Human Relations, 60 (1), 243-255. Eisenhardt, K. M. and Zbaracki, M. J. (1992) ‘Strategic decision making', Strategic Management Journal, 13 (Special Issue), 17-37. Leadership Cicero, L. Pierro, A. and van Knippenberg, D. , (2010) ‘Leadership and uncertainty: how role ambiguity affects the relationship between leader group prototypicality and leadership effectiveness’, British Journal of Management, 21 (2), 411-421. Cyert, R. M. (1990) ‘Defining Leadership and Explicating the Process’, Non-Profit Management and Leadership, 1 (1), 29-38. Hakimi, N. , van Knippenberg, D. , and Giessner, S. (2010) ‘Leader Empowering Behaviour: The Leader’s Perspective’, British Journal of Management, 21 (3), 701-716. The International Context and Drivers of Globalisation and FDI Maguire, S. nd Hardy, C. (2006) ‘The Emergence of New Global Institutions: A Discursive Perspective', Organization Studies, 27 (1), 7. Geppert, M. and Matten, D. (2006) ‘Institutional Influences on Manufacturing Organization in Multinational Corporations: The ‘Cherrypicking' Approach', Organization Studies, 27 (4), 491. Vaara, E. , Tienari, J. and Laurila, J. (2005) ‘Pulp and paper fiction: on the discursive legitimisation of global industrial restructuring', Organization Studies. Douglas, S. P. and Wind, Y. (1987) ‘The myth of globalization', Columbia Journal of World Business, 22 (4), 19-29. Tong, T. W. , Alessandri, T. M. , Reuer, J. J. and Chintakananda, A. (2008) ‘How much does country matter? an analysis of firms’ growth options', Journal of International Business Studies, 39 387-405. Theodosiou, M. and Leonidou, L. C. (2003) ‘Standardization versus adaptation of international marketing strategy: an integrative assessment of the empirical research', International Business Review, 12 141–171. Svensson, G. (2001) ‘†Glocalization† of business activities: a â€Å"glocal strategy† approach', Management Decision, 39 (1), 6-18. Schlie, E. and Yip, G. 2000) ‘Regional follows global: strategy mixes in the world automotive industry', European Management Journal, 18 (4), 343–354. Levitt, T. (1983) ‘The globalization of markets', Harvard Business Review, 61 (3), 92–102. Leknes, H. M. and Carr, C. (2004) ‘Globalisation, international configurations and strategic implications: the case of retailing' , Long Range Planning, 37 29-49. Strategic Alliances Gulati, R. (1998) ‘Alliances and networks', Strategic Management Journal, 19 293-317. Gulati, R. , Nohria, N. and Zaheer, A. (2000) ‘Strategic networks', Strategic Management Journal, 21 (3), 203-215. Koza, M. P. and Lewin, A. Y. (1998) ‘The co-evolution of strategic alliances', Organization Science, 9 (3), 255-264. Sydow, J. (2006) ‘Managing to Collaborate: The Theory and Practice of Collaborative Advantage', Organization Studies, 27 (4), 605. Steven White, S. S. -Y. L. (2005) ‘Distinguishing costs of cooperation and control in alliances', Strategic Management Journal, 26 (10), 913-932. Kanter, R. M. (1994) ‘Collaborative Advantage: The Art of Alliances', Harvard Business Review, 72 (4), 96-108. Structure of industries and markets and the general government and business context Miller, D. and Friesen, P. H. (1983) ‘Strategy-making and environment: The third link', Strategic Management Journal, 4 (3), 221-235. Selsky, J. W. , Goes, J. and Baburoglu, O. N. (2007) ‘Contrasting Perspectives of Strategy Making: Applications in ‘Hyper' Environments', Organization Studies, 28 (1), 71-94. Bourgeois, L. J. (1980) ‘Strategy and environment: a conceptual integration', Academy of Management Review, 5 (1), 25-39. 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(2006) ‘Non-verbal behaviour as communication: Approaches, issues and research. ’ In: O. Hargie. (Ed. ) The handbook of communication skills. London: Routledge, pp. 73-119. Journal article Hass, M. (2006) ‘Knowledge Gathering, Team Capabilities, and Project Performance in Challenging Work Environments. ’ Management science, Vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1170-1184. Internet source – author Kennedy, J. (2008) Contract Killer. Directory of Social Change [Online] [Accessed on 6th August 2008] http://www. dsc. org. uk/NewsandInformation/News/Contractshindercharities Internet source – organisation Business in the Community. (2008) Skills boost for North West companies. [Online] [Accessed on 5th August 2008] http://www. bitc. org. k/news_media/skills_boost_for. html Newspaper article – paper copy Milmo, D. (2008) ‘Ryanair launches price war as sales slump. ’ The Guardian. 8th August. p25. Newspaper article – Internet copy Wray, R. (2008) ‘Sony buys Bertelsmann out of joint music business. ’ The Guardian. [Online] 6th August. [Accessed on 11th August 2008] http://www. guardi an. co. uk/business/2008/aug/06/musicindustry. sony Government command paper Department of Trade and Industry. (2005) Our energy future: Creating a low carbon economy. Cmnd. 5761, London: TSO. Act of Parliament Companies Act 2006. (c. 46) London: HMSO. Dissertation Paucar-Caceres, A. (2006) Business culture and management science methodologies in England and France. Ph. D. Manchester Metropolitan University. introductory text. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. (For instruction on citing secondary sources, see the referencing standard document for MMUBS) Report ECOTEC. (2003) Guidance on Mapping Social Enterprise: Final Report to the DTI Social Enterprise Unit. London: ECOTEC Research and Consulting Ltd. (C2453). (When referencing a report, if there is no report code or number on the report that you have used, leave this field blank. )